| Principales indicadores macroeconómicos | |||||||||||||||||
| Conceptos | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | |
| Actividad económica1/ | |||||||||||||||||
| PIB a precios constantes (tasas de crecimiento) | 5.9 | 6.3 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 7.0 | 4.1 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 2.8 | (1.5) | 4.5 | |
| PIB per-cápita (en US$) | 685.2 | 698.7 | 698.4 | 724.5 | 746.0 | 772.5 | 792.9 | 767.6 | 772.0 | 829.8 | 893.9 | 947.1 | 1,011.9 | 1,124.1 | 1,082.1 | 1,126.5 | |
| PIB per-cápita (tasas de crecimiento) | 4.9 | 2.0 | (0.0) | 3.7 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 2.6 | (3.2) | 0.6 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 6.0 | 6.8 | 11.1 | (3.7) | 4.1 | |
| Precios y tipo de cambio | |||||||||||||||||
| Inflación anual acumulada nacional (IPC año base=2006) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.9 | 6.5 | 9.3 | 9.6 | 9.4 | 16.9 | 13.8 | 0.9 | 9.2 | |
| Inflación anual acumulada (Managua)2/ | 11.1 | 12.1 | 7.3 | 18.5 | 7.2 | 9.9 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 6.6 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 10.2 | 16.2 | 12.7 | 1.8 | 9.1 | |
| Devaluación anual (%) | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 | 10.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | |
| Tipo de cambio oficial promedio (C$ x US$) | 7.5 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 13.4 | 14.3 | 15.1 | 15.9 | 16.7 | 17.6 | 18.4 | 19.4 | 20.3 | 21.4 | |
| Tipo de cambio oficial a fin de período (C$ x US$) | 8.0 | 8.9 | 10.0 | 11.2 | 12.3 | 13.1 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 15.6 | 16.3 | 17.1 | 18.0 | 18.9 | 19.8 | 20.8 | 21.9 | |
| Sector monetario (tasas de crecimiento) | |||||||||||||||||
| Base monetaria | 11.3 | 35.7 | 35.0 | 12.7 | 18.8 | (0.5) | 23.5 | 7.6 | 24.2 | 18.8 | 18.6 | 28.1 | 21.3 | 5.3 | 19.8 | 17.1 | |
| RIB / base monetaria (número de veces) | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.7 | |
| Depósitos totales | 149.4 | 46.8 | - | - | 23.1 | 4.8 | 12.0 | 13.4 | 13.8 | 16.7 | 13.1 | 10.1 | 17.2 | 7.3 | 15.8 | 24.6 | |
| Cartera de crédito bruta | 36.1 | (5.9) | 38.3 | 43.3 | 38.4 | (9.8) | (22.9) | 14.0 | 30.0 | 27.5 | 30.0 | 30.8 | 31.6 | 12.3 | (6.3) | 2.4 | |
| Saldo de reservas internacionales netas (millones US$) | 80.4 | 144.5 | 356.1 | 305.8 | 356.8 | 319.2 | 211.2 | 275.4 | 308.3 | 451.1 | 536.6 | 859.0 | 1,018.6 | 1,029.8 | 1,422.8 | 1,631.6 | |
| Saldo de reservas internacionales brutas (millones US$) | 176.0 | 213.9 | 387.1 | 356.6 | 512.9 | 496.7 | 382.8 | 454.2 | 504.2 | 670.4 | 729.9 | 924.2 | 1,103.3 | 1,140.8 | 1,573.1 | 1,799.0 | |
| Sector Público No Financiero (% del PIB)3/ | |||||||||||||||||
| Balance antes de donaciones | (6.6) | (8.4) | (4.2) | (1.8) | (7.4) | (9.0) | (9.6) | (5.1) | (6.1) | (5.0) | (4.4) | (3.7) | (2.8) | (3.9) | (4.9) | (2.7) | |
| Balance después de donaciones | (1.5) | (2.9) | (1.0) | 0.4 | (2.2) | (4.5) | (6.6) | (1.9) | (2.3) | (1.4) | (1.0) | 0.7 | 1.3 | (0.7) | (1.4) | (0.5) | |
| Financiamiento externo | 1.9 | 5.0 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 5.8 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.6 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 3.9 | 3.4 | |
| Financiamiento interno | (0.4) | (2.1) | (1.4) | (4.9) | (3.6) | (1.8) | 2.5 | (2.1) | (3.3) | (6.2) | (3.7) | (4.5) | (4.4) | (1.1) | (2.4) | (2.8) | |
| Sector externo (millones US$)4/ | |||||||||||||||||
| Cuenta corriente (% del PIB) | (22.7) | (25.0) | (25.0) | (19.4) | (25.0) | (21.4) | (19.6) | (18.5) | (16.2) | (15.4) | (16.1) | (16.0) | (21.6) | (24.6) | (13.3) | (14.7) | |
| Exportaciones de mercancías FOB | 466.0 | 466.4 | 576.7 | 573.2 | 546.1 | 642.8 | 589.4 | 558.7 | 610.9 | 759.8 | 866.0 | 1,043.9 | 1,222.1 | 1,475.3 | 1,393.8 | 1,851.1 | |
| Exportaciones de bienes para la transformación | 75.2 | 124.3 | 163.1 | 181.6 | 196.3 | 230.7 | 296.3 | 347.0 | 433.7 | 596.7 | 773.7 | 870.2 | 941.3 | 1,021.5 | 972.1 | 1,277.2 | |
| Importaciones de mercancías FOB | 881.4 | 1,043.4 | 1,370.6 | 1,397.0 | 1,698.1 | 1,653.2 | 1,617.3 | 1,617.5 | 1,726.1 | 2,027.7 | 2,404.6 | 2,777.6 | 3,311.3 | 3,995.4 | 3,229.1 | 3,872.5 | |
| Importaciones de bienes para la transformación | 48.1 | 78.3 | 102.5 | 112.6 | 121.7 | 148.3 | 187.8 | 235.5 | 300.9 | 429.7 | 551.5 | 626.7 | 677.9 | 735.6 | 700.0 | 919.7 | |
| Deuda pública externa | |||||||||||||||||
| Saldo de deuda pública externa (millones US$) | 10,248.4 | 6,094.3 | 6,001.0 | 6,287.1 | 6,548.9 | 6,659.9 | 6,374.5 | 6,362.7 | 6,595.8 | 5,390.6 | 5,347.5 | 4,526.7 | 3,384.6 | 3,511.5 | 3,660.9 | 3,876.4 | |
| Deuda externa / PIB | 321.1 | 183.5 | 177.4 | 176.0 | 175.0 | 169.1 | 155.4 | 158.0 | 160.8 | 120.7 | 109.8 | 86.5 | 59.8 | 55.1 | 58.9 | 59.2 | |
| Servicio de deuda externa /exportaciones5/ | 52.9 | 35.5 | 36.0 | 27.9 | 20.2 | 20.0 | 16.5 | 17.7 | 10.3 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 3.6 | |
| Partidas informativas (millones C$) | |||||||||||||||||
| PIB (a precios constantes)1/ | 21,191.3 | 22,535.7 | 23,429.6 | 24,299.2 | 26,008.9 | 27,075.7 | 27,877.4 | 28,087.5 | 28,795.5 | 30,325.2 | 31,623.9 | 32,936.9 | 34,136.9 | 35,078.8 | 34,563.4 | 36,112.0 | |
| PIB (córdobas corrientes) | 24,029.3 | 28,008.7 | 31,967.1 | 37,804.5 | 44,197.8 | 49,952.0 | 55,155.3 | 57,376.3 | 61,958.5 | 71,155.6 | 81,524.4 | 91,897.0 | 104,456.4 | 123,442.5 | 126,386.2 | 139,916.2 | |
| PIB (en millones US$) | 3,191.3 | 3,320.3 | 3,382.8 | 3,573.2 | 3,742.7 | 3,938.1 | 4,102.4 | 4,026.0 | 4,101.5 | 4,464.7 | 4,872.0 | 5,230.3 | 5,662.0 | 6,372.3 | 6,213.8 | 6,551.5 | |
| Población (miles de habitantes)6/ | 4,657.7 | 4,752.4 | 4,843.9 | 4,932.1 | 5,016.9 | 5,098.0 | 5,173.9 | 5,244.7 | 5,312.7 | 5,380.5 | 5,450.4 | 5,522.6 | 5,595.5 | 5,668.9 | 5,742.3 | 5,815.5 | |
| Base monetaria | 1,116.8 | 1,515.6 | 2,046.0 | 2,305.8 | 2,739.0 | 2,726.4 | 3,366.3 | 3,623.2 | 4,498.4 | 5,345.5 | 6,338.1 | 8,121.8 | 9,847.8 | 10,369.5 | 12,425.7 | 14,549.8 | |
| Depósitos totales7/ | 4,872.8 | 7,154.6 | 0.0 | 14,330.9 | 17,637.5 | 18,476.3 | 20,694.2 | 23,471.3 | 26,708.3 | 31,155.9 | 35,238.4 | 38,792.8 | 45,454.7 | 48,776.4 | 56,489.1 | 70,400.3 | |
| Cartera de crédito bruta8/ | 5,531.2 | 5,206.1 | 7,202.0 | 10,322.5 | 14,287.1 | 12,889.1 | 9,935.1 | 11,327.1 | 14,724.6 | 18,776.3 | 24,415.5 | 31,941.8 | 42,026.3 | 47,198.6 | 44,241.7 | 45,289.1 | |
| Balance del SPNF a/d | (1,592.9) | (2,362.2) | (1,356.0) | (662.9) | (3,268.1) | (4,493.5) | (5,281.6) | (2,903.1) | (3,754.8) | (3,565.5) | (3,616.2) | (3,415.2) | (2,879.5) | (4,760.9) | (6,195.6) | (3,725.5) | |
| Balance del SPNF d/d | (353.0) | (803.8) | (334.7) | 162.6 | (991.3) | (2,251.3) | (3,645.2) | (1,117.5) | (1,404.8) | (965.9) | (790.0) | 627.6 | 1,337.3 | (913.5) | (1,814.8) | (715.0) | |
| 1/ | : Datos del PIB para el período 1960-1993 calculados con año base 1980, y el período 1994-2010 con año base 1994. | ||||||||||||||||
| 2/ | : Los datos de inflación han sido calculados en base a IPC: para 1960-1963, base 1956; 1964-1973, base 1960; 1974-1987, base mayo-octubre 1972; 1987-1994, base octubre-diciembre 1987; 1995-2000, base 1994 y 2001-2010, base 2006. | ||||||||||||||||
| 3/ | : El balance del SPNF incluye la concesión neta de préstamos para el período 1960-2000 (acorde con MEFP 1986). A partir del 2001 forma parte del financiamiento interno (según MEFP 2001). | ||||||||||||||||
| 4/ | : De 1960 a 1989, se define según la cuarta edición del manual de balanza de pagos del FMI y de 1990 a 2010 según la quinta edición. | ||||||||||||||||
| 5/ | : Se refieren a las exportaciones de bienes y servicios, considerando el valor neto de zona franca. | ||||||||||||||||
| 6/ | : Estimaciones de población promedio para cada año, en base al censo de población 2005 y de ENDESA 2006-2007. | ||||||||||||||||
| 7/ | : No incluye otras obligaciones con el público. | ||||||||||||||||
| 8/ | : No incluye intereses y comisiones por cobrar. | ||||||||||||||||
| Fuente | : BCN. | ||||||||||||||||